What is DNA? Why is DNA essential to life?
-DNA is a nucleic acid that carries genetic information in the cell. DNA consist of two chains of nucleotides formed and twisted in a double helix. DNA also consist of hydrogen bonds with the bases of adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine.
-We need DNA for many reasons which makes it so essential. Every single person has unique DNA because DNA is what makes up a person. DNA tells us a lot about a person, it can tells us if the pesron might have a disease in the future, it tells us peoples traits, whether this person has a bigger chance of obesity in the future. DNA helps us in many different possible ways, we use it for research and tests. DNA has most of the information of our future, for example researchers have found that women with the gene of BRCA1 or BRCA2 are more likely to get breast cancer. DNA can also help us find information about our past, DNA consist of the genes of your parents and they got theirs from their parents and scientist can take this DNA and do research on it to find information about our past. Today DNA is also important because it is helping scientist with cloning. DNA has helped us find research about our past, present, and will help us with our future so that is why DNA is so essential to life.
-DNA is a nucleic acid that carries genetic information in the cell. DNA consist of two chains of nucleotides formed and twisted in a double helix. DNA also consist of hydrogen bonds with the bases of adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine.
-We need DNA for many reasons which makes it so essential. Every single person has unique DNA because DNA is what makes up a person. DNA tells us a lot about a person, it can tells us if the pesron might have a disease in the future, it tells us peoples traits, whether this person has a bigger chance of obesity in the future. DNA helps us in many different possible ways, we use it for research and tests. DNA has most of the information of our future, for example researchers have found that women with the gene of BRCA1 or BRCA2 are more likely to get breast cancer. DNA can also help us find information about our past, DNA consist of the genes of your parents and they got theirs from their parents and scientist can take this DNA and do research on it to find information about our past. Today DNA is also important because it is helping scientist with cloning. DNA has helped us find research about our past, present, and will help us with our future so that is why DNA is so essential to life.
restriction Endonucleases
Summary: Restriction Endonucleases are enzymes that cleave to DNA at a specific nucleotide sequences. The sequence is usually known for being 6 nucleotides long. The nucleotides at one one end of the recognition sequence are often complementary to those at the other end. The two strands of DNA always have the same nucleotide sequence running at the opposite side and direction. Because of that action the restriction endnuclease can bind to and cleave both strands of the DNA molecule. Usually for the action to happen and because the DNA strands are anti parallel the cut sites are offset from each other. After cleavage, each DNA fragment has a single-stranded end a few nucleotides long and the single stranded ends of the two fragments are complementary to each other. The single stranded ends can pair with each other. Once this step happens the two fragments can be joined together with the enzyme DNA ligate, which re-forms the phosphodiester bonds of DNA. The value of DNA is that any two fragments of DNA by the same restriction endonuclease can be joined together. The y are fundamental in genetic engineering.
